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How to Optimize Layer 1 Blockchains for Modularity
One strand of thinking that has become popular in crypto land recently is that the only way for blockchains to solve the Scalability Trilemma—or obtain the trifecta of high security, decentralization,
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Nervos: An In-Depth Overview of a Blockchain Network Built for Modularity
This article seeks to be the be-all and end-all resource for the underlying architecture and value proposition of the Nervos network.
Nervos is a modular blockchain network built from the ground up to
nervos
Blockchain Trilemma: The Ultimate Guide
What is the Blockchain Trilemma?
The Blockchain Trilemma is a theory, proposed by Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin, stating that blockchain networks can’t be secure, decentralized, and scalable all a
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Layer 1 vs. Layer 2 Blockchain Networks: What is the Difference?
Layer 1, in the context of blockchain networks, refers to the base layer chain where transactions are settled with finality. On the other hand, Layer 2 networks are scaling solutions built on top of
blockchain
What is WebAssembly (WASM)?
Originating as a collaborative effort among major browser vendors, WASM is an open standard that enhances web applications' performance and capabilities. It's a low-level, assembly-like language with
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Understanding WebAuthn: The Future of Secure Online Authentication
Born out of a collaboration between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the FIDO Alliance, WebAuthn is a specification of a JavaScript API. This innovation allows for secure, passwordless authenti
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What are Testnet and Mainnet in Blockchain?
In this article, we will examine these terms and explain their significance in the blockchain ecosystem.
Introduction to Mainnet and Testnet in Blockchain
Simply put, a mainnet is the primary network
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The Merkle Patricia Trie: A Deep Dive into Cryptographic Data Structures
These structures, often cryptographic in nature, form the backbone of many blockchain systems, ensuring that data remains tamper-proof and verifiable. Among these, the Merkle Patricia Trie stands out
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The Ultimate Guide to Payment Channels and Payment Channel Networks
As things currently stand, most (micro) payments in the traditional financial system are settled via specialized payment processing companies like Visa and Mastercard, essentially Layer 2 networks bui
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What's the Difference Between Block Subsidy and Block Reward?
Among the many terminologies and concepts inherent to this world, two terms that often arise are "block subsidy" and "block reward." These two concepts, while seemingly interchangeable, have distinct
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Schnorr Signatures and Their Use in Crypto
Among the myriad of digital signature schemes, Schnorr signatures are a pivotal cryptographic innovation, blending theoretical soundness with practical utility. This article ventures into the intricac
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What’s the Difference Between Crypto Miners and Validators?
As we delve into the nuances of these mechanisms, we'll unravel the roles, operations, and distinctions between miners and validators, paving the way toward a deeper understanding of the cryptographic
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What is Block Time in Blockchain?
An important concept within this technology is “block time”, which plays a vital role in the operation and efficiency of blockchain networks. This article aims to unravel the concept of block time, it
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What is Slashing in Proof-of-Stake (PoS)?
PoS offers a greener, more efficient solution to the problem of achieving consensus in a decentralized network. At the heart of PoS lies a mechanism known as slashing, which ensures the network's inte
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Bitcoin Script: A Comprehensive Guide
This article delves deep into the intricacies of Bitcoin Script, shedding light on its significance, technical aspects, historical evolution, and much more.
Technical Dive into Bitcoin Script
Bitcoin
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What is Secp256r1?
The Secp256r1 curve is a common elliptic curve used in cryptographic applications for digital signatures. It is based on the mathematical properties of elliptic curves and operates in a finite field o
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Bitcoin vs. CKB: Two Approaches to Achieving Sustainable Security
Every four years, typically in the six months preceding the halving, the debate around the sustainability of Bitcoin's security model gets reignited.
The discussion can be summed up in two opposing ar
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What is Transaction Confirmation in Blockchain?
When a transaction is initiated, it is broadcasted to the network, where it awaits confirmation. During this process, network participants, known as miners in Proof-of-Work-based cryptocurrencies like
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What is RISC-V? A Revolution in Processor Architecture
As an open-source hardware instruction set architecture (ISA), RISC-V is changing the rules of the game, offering a level of customization and flexibility previously unseen in the processor market. Th
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The Ultimate Guide to Blockchain Light Clients
While decentralization may be the fundamental property of blockchains, it isn't an end goal in itself. Instead, it's pursued—often at the expense of other desirable properties like scalability—for the
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What is a Light Client in Blockchain Technology?
At the heart of this technology are blockchain clients, which play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and functionality of the blockchain network. Among these clients, light clients have emer
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Zero-Knowledge Proofs: An In-Depth Exploration in Cryptography
Cryptography plays a critical role in the world of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology, providing security, privacy, and integrity to digital transactions. Among the various cryptographic techn
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Surprisingly, Secondary Issuance is not Inflationary
Normally, when we analyze the emission model of a coin such as CKB, we usually only consider the theoretical total number of coins issued over time, i.e., the emission curve. However, this does not fu
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A Deep Dive Into the Tokenomics of Nervos Network
The unique tokenomics of Nervos have been specially designed to ensure platform sustainability
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Where we're going, we don't need Accounts: the Future of Onboarding
In the 14 years since the inception of Bitcoin, blockchain development shifted through multiple stages, each reflecting the evolving needs and challenges faced by the industry at the respective times.
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Understanding the Nervos CKB Issuance Model
Bitcoin’s most important value proposition in the economic sphere is its fixed issuance policy, since it is not subject to any change, and at the same time predictable, as long as we know how much and
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Common Knowledge Base (CKB): a Blockchain Developer’s Dream
Any prospective blockchain developer that has tried building decentralized applications has quickly realized that the current blockchains offer rather inflexible development environments. Building app
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Pi400 Ubuntu Node Setup Guide
How to run a CKB node on a RaspberryPi 400 with Ubuntu desktop 22.04
Running a node on a RaspberryPi can be a fun, efficient way of helping to decentralise the Nervos Network. Old pro's have probably
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Nervos DAO — Withdrawal Process Explained
To understand how Nervos DAO works, you must first know that it works through cycles, and that each of these cycles are 180 epochs. On the Nervos network, each epoch has an estimated time of 4 hours.
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Quantum Resistance in Blockchains: Preparing for a Post-Quantum Computing World
As the field of quantum computing rapidly advances, concerns are growing about the potential impact of these powerful machines on the security of blockchain networks. Quantum computers, with their abi
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ASIC-Resistance, is it possible?
ASIC-Resistance describes the ability of a blockchain's mining algorithm to resist implementation of specialized hardware called ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits). ASICs are specificall
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What are Payment Channels?
Payment channels are a unique solution to the scalability problems decentralized blockchains face; they allow for faster and more efficient transactions.
What are Payment Channels?
Payment channels ar
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Common Knowledge Base: Understanding Our Ethos
An essay on time preference and building future-proof blockchains.
The remarkable speed of change in the blockchain industry has increasingly been steering the space toward high time preference thinki
nervos
What Are Optimistic Rollups? Everything You Need to Know
Optimistic rollups are Layer 2 scaling solutions designed to offload some of the transaction processing from the underlying Layer 1 blockchains they're built on to increase their transaction throughpu
scaling
ZK-Rollups vs. Optimistic Rollups: What’s The Difference?
Rollups are powerful blockchain scaling solutions that have become very popular over the last two years. There are two types of rollups: zero-knowledge rollups (ZK-rollups) and Optimistic rollups, whi
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What's the difference between blockchain computation and verification?
This article aims to delve deeper into these concepts, highlighting the differences between blockchain computation and verification and their respective roles in maintaining the integrity and function
modular
How to Optimize Layer 1 Blockchains for Modularity
One strand of thinking that has become popular in crypto land recently is that the only way for blockchains to solve the Scalability Trilemma—or obtain the trifecta of high security, decentralization,
popular
Modular vs. Monolithic Blockchains: A Comprehensive Comparison
The rapid development of blockchain technology has brought forth a variety of architectural designs, with modular and monolithic blockchains being two of the most prominent. As the industry seeks to a
modular
Nervos: An In-Depth Overview of a Blockchain Network Built for Modularity
This article seeks to be the be-all and end-all resource for the underlying architecture and value proposition of the Nervos network.
Nervos is a modular blockchain network built from the ground up to
nervos
Blockchain Trilemma: The Ultimate Guide
What is the Blockchain Trilemma?
The Blockchain Trilemma is a theory, proposed by Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin, stating that blockchain networks can’t be secure, decentralized, and scalable all a
popular
Layer 1 vs. Layer 2 Blockchain Networks: What is the Difference?
Layer 1, in the context of blockchain networks, refers to the base layer chain where transactions are settled with finality. On the other hand, Layer 2 networks are scaling solutions built on top of
blockchain
Chain Abstraction: Bringing Web2’s User Experience to Web3
While using blockchain technology has never been an outstanding experience, the recent proliferation of numerous blockchains, sidechains, state channels, and rollups has made it even worse. In fact, t
abstraction
What is Data Availability in Blockchain?
Introduction
Blockchain technology has fundamentally changed how we think about digital transactions, trust, and decentralization. By allowing secure and transparent transactions without the need for
What is Client-Side Validation in Crypto?
In the world of cryptocurrencies, where decentralization and security are paramount, the mechanisms that govern data validation play a critical role in ensuring the integrity and privacy of transactio
The Ultimate Guide to RGB, RGB++, and Client-Side Validation
The rise in popularity of ordinals, inscriptions, and BRC-20 tokens over the last two years has made it abundantly clear that crypto users want tokenized assets on Bitcoin.
Ethereum's smart contract e
bitcoin
What is Simplified Payment Verification (SPV)?
In the blockchain world, Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) is a transaction verification method that offers users a streamlined and secure approach to interacting with blockchains without having t
What is OP_CAT in Bitcoin?
Bitcoin, the pioneering cryptocurrency, has long been celebrated for its simplicity, unmatched security, and decentralized nature. However, some aspects of Bitcoin's script, including certain opcodes,
What are Bitcoin Covenants?
Bitcoin covenants allow for more complex rules to be set on transactions, enhancing the flexibility and security of how bitcoins are handled. Covenants can specify not only who can spend the bitcoins
bitcoin
What is Chain Abstraction?
What is Chain Abstraction?
Chain abstraction refers to the process of creating a seamless user experience by masking the complexities of interacting with multiple blockchain networks. It allows develo
What is a Virtual Machine (VM) in Blockchain?
Understanding Virtual Machines (VMs)
In general computing terms, a virtual machine (VM) is a software emulation of a physical computer. It allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on a
What are Blockchain Intents?
Defining Blockchain Intents
Blockchain intents represent a high-level abstraction for expressing desired outcomes on a blockchain network. Unlike traditional transactions, which represent computationa
What is Slippage in Cryptocurrency Trading?
The dynamics of slippage can significantly impact traders, especially in the volatile cryptocurrency market. Understanding slippage, its causes, and how it varies between centralized and decentralized
What is a Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction (PSBT)?
Introduced by Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) 174, PSBTs enhance interoperability between different wallets and software, making managing complex transactions such as multi-signature setups, CoinJo
Comparing Blockchain Virtual Machines (VMs): EVM, WASM, SVM, and CKB-VM
Blockchain virtual machines (VMs) are the backbone of decentralized computing, enabling smart contract execution and decentralized application development across various blockchain platforms.
These VM
vm
The Difference Between Parallel and Sequential Transaction Execution in Crypto
Two primary execution models—parallel and sequential—dictate how transactions are validated and appended to the blockchain. This article examines these models, using Bitcoin and Ethereum as examples o
What are Sovereign Rollups?
Sovereign rollups emerge as a groundbreaking solution, designed to enhance scalability of blockchain networks. Unlike their predecessors, sovereign rollups offer a unique approach by allowing transact
The Rise of Blockchain Intents: An Old Idea Wrapped in New Clothing
Time and time again, when developers building on account-based blockchains hit a roadblock, they’re forced to reckon with fundamental architectural choices underpinning these systems—only to find solu
utxo
What Are Optimistic Rollups?
Ethereum's scalability issue, characterized by slow transaction speeds and high fees, has been a persistent hurdle. Enter optimistic rollups – a Layer 2 scaling solution designed to alleviate these bo
What are Bitcoin Drivechains?
Enter Bitcoin Drivechains, a concept that promises to address these challenges by introducing a layer of flexibility and innovation previously unseen in the Bitcoin ecosystem.
Understanding Drivechain